ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Los alimentos de origen marino se caracterizan en general por su alto contenido en ácidos eicosapentaenoico (EPA) y docosahexaenoico (DHA), dos ácidos grasos poliinsaturados de la familia n-3 con funciones esenciales en el organismo humano. En Chile, las conservas de pescado, entre ellas el atún enlatado, son una de las formas principales de consumo de alimentos del mar. En este trabajo se analizaron los perfiles de ácidos grasos y se estimaron varios índices de calidad nutricional de distintas conservas de lomos de atún en agua y en aceite vegetal disponibles en supermercados de Santiago de Chile. Las cantidades de EPA+DHA encontradas oscilaron entre 184 y 310 mg/100 g y entre 110 y 336 mg/100 g en las conservas de atún en agua y en aceite, respectivamente. El ácido graso más abundante en las conservas de atún en agua fue el DHA, mientras que en las conservas en aceite fue el ácido linoleico, perteneciente a la familia n-6. Los índices de calidad lipídica del pescado (FLQ) y aterogénico (IA) fueron más altos en las conservas de atún en agua que en las de atún en aceite, mientras que la relación ácidos grasos hipocolesterolémicos/hipercolesterolémicos (HH) presentó valores mayores en el atún enlatado en aceite. El índice trombogénico (IT) fue en general más alto en las conservas de atún en aceite.
ABSTRACT Foods from marine origin are known to have a high content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), two polyunsaturated fatty acids from the n-3 family with essential roles in the human organism. Canned fish, including tuna, is one of the main formats to consume marine foods in Chile. In this work, samples of canned tuna in water and in oil available in supermarkets of Santiago de Chile were analysed to elucidate their fatty acid composition and to estimate several indexes of nutritional quality related to the lipid fraction of such foods. The amounts of EPA+DHA ranged between 184 and 310 mg/100 g and between 110 and 336 mg/100 g for canned tuna in water and oil, respectively. DHA was the most abundant fatty acid in canned tuna in water, whereas linolenic acid (an n-6 fatty acid) was found to be the most abundant in canned tuna in oil. The Fish Lipid Quality (FLQ) and atherogenic index (AI) reached higher values in canned tuna in water than in canned tuna in oil, whereas the ratio hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic fatty acids (HH) was higher in canned tuna in oil. The thrombogenic index (TI) was generally higher for canned tuna in oil.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: A deep insight into the population dynamics of a pest can be achieved by being acquainted with its nutritional ecology, which further assists in understanding the damage potential and decisions to control mainly in diversified production systems such as those in Brazil. The present r research aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary regimens, comprising combinations of acessible organs of soybean plants, at different stages of development, consumption, and utilization of food by the 4th, 5th, and 6thlarvae instar of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lep.: Noctuidae). For this purpose, the vegetative and reproductive organs of soybean were brought together in three feeding regimes, followed by making it available to caterpillars. After evaluations, it was found that under laboratory conditions, the development of H. armigera 4th to 6th instar caterpillars was better when they werepurely fed on leaves than on combinations of vegetative and reproductive parts, such as fresh leaves + old leaves + pods at the beginning of grain development, and old leaves + pods at the beginning of grain development +pods with well-developed grain.
RESUMO: O conhecimento sobre a ecologia nutricional de uma praga pode auxiliar na compreensão da sua dinâmica populacional, na definição do potencial de danos e nas decisões para controle, principalmente, em sistemas de produção diversificados como os existentes no Brasil. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de regimes alimentares, constituídos por combinações de órgãos disponíveis nas plantas de soja, em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento, no consumo e no aproveitamento do alimento pelas lagartas de 4º, 5º e 6º instares de Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lep.: Noctuidae). Órgãos vegetativos e reprodutivos da soja foram combinados em três regimes alimentares e fornecidos à lagartas. Os resultados demonstram que, em condições de laboratório, na cultura da soja o desenvolvimento de lagartas do 4º ao 6º instar de H. armigera foi melhor quando se alimentaram com folhas do que com folhas novas + folhas velhas + legumes no início do desenvolvimento do grão e folhas velhas + legumes no início do desenvolvimento do grão + legumes com o grão bem desenvolvido.
ABSTRACT
Estudar incidência e repercussöes de cardiopatias sobre o estado nutricional de crianças. Duzentas crianças, dispostas em 3 grupos: 1) 113 (56,5%) com forma congênita acianótica; 2) 19 (9,5%) com forma congênita cianótica; e 3) 68 (34%) com forma adquirida, que freqüentaram o ambulatório de cardiologia pediátrica do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeiräo Preto da USP de 1987 a 1990. A média etária foi de 5,1 ñ 0,4 anos e 56% eram masculinos. Os diagnósticos mais freqüentes foram comunicaçäo interventricular (51 casos), comunicaçäo interatria (21 casos), valvopatias adquiridas (21 casos), arritmias benignas (20 casos), comprometimento cardíaco secundário a doenças sistêmicas (20 casos) e tetralogia de Fallot (8 casos). A maioria (92%) das crianças era portador de índice nutricional entre os percentis 5 abaixo do percentil 5 e apenas 4 (2%) acima do 95, consideradas obesas. Na comparaçäo entre os valores médios de índice nutricional, observou-se diferença estatisticamente significativa (p < 0,05) para os 3 grupos, o pior para as formas congênitas cianóticas e o melhor para as formas adquiridas. As cardiopatias na infância associam-se a reduçäo do índice nutricional na maioria dos casos
Purpose To study heart disease in childhood aiming to know its incidence and consequences upon the nutritional status. Patients and Methods Two-hundred patients were distributed in three groups: 1)113 (56.5%) with congenital acianotic form; 2) 19 (9.5%) with congenital cianotic form; and 3) 68 (34%) with acquired forms. All of them regularly visiting the ambulatory service of Paediatric cardiology of the Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da USP from 1987 until 1990. Results The majority (92%) of the children (being 56% male and aging 5.1 ± 0.4 years-old) showed nutritional indexes between 5 and 95 (percentil scale). The overall diagnosis distribution were: 1) ventricular septal defect (51 cases); 2) atrial septal defect (21 cases); 3) valvular diseases (21 cases); 4) arrhythmias (20 cases); 5) cardiac involvement of systemic diseases (20 cases); and 6) tetralogy complex (8 cases). Twelve patients (6%) were underscored (below percentil 5) and only 4 (2%) scored above percentil 95 (obese patients). The comparison of the mean indexes were found statistical different (p < 0.05), being the cianotic congenital forms the worst ones and the acquired forms the best one. Conclusion Heart disease in childhood is associated to nutritional index deficits in the majority of the cases.